1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  

(    )
  : 3   :75
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.    (BBS)             
       BBS     ,      

2.                  
                    
-
3. -  ,          - -   '
   
4.                  
 '        '   
2
Easy2Siksha
-
5.     ,               
                    

6.              
                    
      '  
-
7.  HTML           HTML    
 
HTML             HTML     
  
8. divs  spans  HTML           
                    
      
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  
  
(    )
  : 3   :75
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.    (BBS)             
       BBS     ,      

:    (BBS)       
             
   BBS 1970             
               
   '      ,      
, BBS           '  
   
  
 BBS 1978            
          (    
     )          
       ,  300        , 
  300           ,    
        '  ,    BBS
   
4
Easy2Siksha
BBS 1980  1990            , 
    ,   ,    -  '
            ,    
 ,     ,   -     
   ,   , ,  ,       
 
BBS     
  BBS            
     :
1.  :BBS         -   ""
                
 -           
2.  :        
    BBS          
 ,           
 
3.   :  BBS       
, ,           
        
 
4. -  :       ,  
      (SysOp)  -  
     
5.    :BBS  -     
 ,        
 
6.   (SysOp):BBS     SysOp ,    

           SysOp 
  '    
7. -  : BBS    ' - ,
 ASCII  ANSI          
      ,      
 
BBS 
  -     BBS    
 BBS   '   ,         BBS
  '         ,     
5
Easy2Siksha
              
    ,   BBS '         
     BBS      ,      
      
BBS   ,   :
  (        MS-DOS ),
 ,
BBS   ,
BBS   Fido (  BBS )
  
1980     ,         BBS
      , 1984        BBS
, FidoNet  BBS          FidoNet   BBS
 -  '   -    ,   
                  
    
1980     ,      9600        ,   
             
   .   ,       
       , BBS   
   
  ,   PKZIP (      ) 
DOOM     , BBS  
  
BBS       
BBS   1990               
,       ,      
BBS   -    -     
 BBS      ,  -   BBS     
Reddit         BBS    , BBS  
 - ""   
    , BBS       
   '        BBS  
 ,           
     
    
6
Easy2Siksha
    
 BBS     ,       :
1.   '  : Reddit      BBS  
         
2. - :BBS        -  
          
3.  :BBS    '      
      DEF CON  ,     
   , BBS     
4.   :      BBS    
         
BBS , , -      
 , 
           , 
,        '       
2.                   
                    
:         
                 
             ,  
   ,   
          
      -        
           
 
   ,      
,     -
                
 ,             
  (LAN)                
   
1.       :   
      
         ,  ,  
   
7
Easy2Siksha
2.   :   -       
,        -     
 ,       
 
3.   :      ,  
 
    
 
4. :           , 
           
      ,      
 
5.     :      
 , 
                
      
        
1. HTTP (     ):
o :HTTP      '     
        
   ,  
HTTP         
o e:     '      ,
        
2. TCP/IP (   / ):
o :TCP/IP       TCP   
   ,   IP   
       
 
o :TCP/IP  ,    
     

  
      ,    , 
        
3. FTP (    ):
o :FTP            
        '      
     
o :FTP       
 , 
,        
8
Easy2Siksha
4. SMTP (     ):
o :SMTP             
POP3  IMAP           
     
o : SMTP        ,    
  
5. DNS (   ):
o :DNS         IP    
  
o :DNS   IP         
        - 
 
6. POP3 (   3)  IMAP (   ):
o :           POP3 
            , 
 IMAP  '   ,       

o :POP3  IMAP     ,   
    -    
7. HTTPS (      ):
o :HTTPS HTTP          
    -     
o : -, ,     HTTPS 
            
    
8. SSH ( ):
o :SSH            
    
o :   SSH  , 
    
            
 
9
Easy2Siksha
9. VoIP (   ):
o :VoIP  '         
      VoIP     
o : VoIP       ,      
  '      
       
        ,         OSI
     
       -  
        ,      :
1.  :  ( , )      
2.    :    '          

3.  :            
  (IP  '   )
4.    :  
         
   (TCP    )
5.  :        
6.   :           
 
7.  :       ( , HTTP, FTP)
OSI                 
            ,  
 
 ,        SMTP     
 ' TCP     ,    ' IP    

 
  
      ,         5G
 ,    (IoT),         
         ,     
         , IPv6    IP  
      
      
 ,            
              
10
Easy2Siksha
     '     ,       
   
        
-
3. -  ,          - -   '
   
:-  ,   
1. -   
-,    ,  '         
              ,
 ,           , -
     
 ,         
 
  , -      ,  
    
   ,      -     

   ,       -   
(      )    ( ,
,     )    
2. -    
-         ,       , 
        
  -      
  :
1.  -  :     ,    - ,
,   -  (  ,  ,  )    
           - 
       
2. -  :   ,  ""    -
   
 -    
3. -    
   :-     ,   
     -          
     ()        
   -
      
11
Easy2Siksha
4. -    :     -   ,  
         -  
  -     
5.      : -   ,   ,  -
    ,      
  ,  -        :
  (UA):-     -    
   (  , ,  )
   (MTA):       -  
   (MDA):      - 
 
3. -    
 -                 
   :
1.   :            
    -    '     :
username@domain.com ,  "username"     , 
"domain.com" -    
  ( , Gmail,
Yahoo)
2.  :       -    
      ,       - 
 
3. / :      -         
    -        ,   
      -    
4.  : - 
         
,
            - ' 
    
5.  : ,    - (      
)         
6. /  :  
 - 
 ,       
     -   '       
     
12
Easy2Siksha
7. : 
 -   (, , )   
            
8.   : -            
        .
9. :                 
  (, , ,     )
4. - 
-             -  , 
        -    ,     -
             -  SMTP,
POP3,  IMAP 
a SMTP (     )
: SMTP         -   
   -  
   
    : 
"" 
 ,   -  ( 
) SMTP     ,  -        
    
: SMTP   
    -     ' 
               ( - 
    )
  :
SMTP  "-"  ,        -
   -   ,    (POP3  IMAP)  
. POP3 (   3)
:POP3 -          - 
  '        -   
    : 
 -  ( )  ,  
POP3    ,     '   - 
 ,        
:POP3  -        
 
      '    
13
Easy2Siksha
 :
  :
 -    , 
 
     
 :
  :   -        , 
   
       -    , 
   
   
  
c. IMAP (   )
: IMAP-         POP3     
     ' -   '    
        
    : 
 -  (  )   
     ,  IMAP       
   ' -       
 -
      
:IMAP      ,    '    
 (   , ,  )   -   
 
 :
: 
     -      
 
 '  
 : IMAP  -   '     
  ,        

 :
  : 
 -  
  ,  
         
14
Easy2Siksha
5. -    

SMTP
POP3
IMAP

-   
-  
 
  -
 
  
 
  
-  
  ' -
  
 ' - 


 
 ,  
  '
  
 

  
(
)
  -

 
 ' - 
 

 
 (- )
  (-
 )
 

  
  -
  
-   
 
 
6. 
-                
, ,              

  -  (SMTP, POP3,  IMAP)      - ,
 ,        ,      
       -     , 

        -     
4.                  
 '        '   
:        
        ,      
  
    
   ,   ,  
15
Easy2Siksha
        ,       - 
          
    
             
1.      
:           
        ( ,  
  ),           - 
 -          
        ,   
     
  :   ,    
           
    (    ,  ,  ,
)  -    
  :          ,
  
    ,         
 -           
 
2.       
HTTP   HTTPS:    
    HTTPS 
 HTTP    ,       
,
           HTTP  ',  
            

 :          
'   (    )     
    ,         
    ,        


3.    
 -   : 
 '        
            
 '   ()      
     ,      ,    
    
16
Easy2Siksha
-    : -  '   
  '            
           
       
4.  
 ,    ,         
            
'   ,           
            
     
  -         
 
   ,        
    ,         ,    
  
 
1.       
 :           
  '     ,     
             
    
  : LastPass  Dashlane    
             
 
     
   
   , 
  
  :        
           
            
      
2.       
   :   
      
         ,  
     ,     ,   
    '    
    :         
   ,        
               
17
Easy2Siksha
            ,    
   
    :    -    
              
              
        
     
               

  '  ,    (HTML, CSS, JavaScript)     
       
  '   ,    
      ,      
1.  -  
-  (   , ,  , )  
         -  
   ,             
            ,    
      Safari      
2.     
          ,      
    
          ,   , 
      ,   ""   
       ,      
  
 
3.   
 :        ,   
JavaScript  ,         
               , 
       '
 JavaScript:      (  ,
,   )  JavaScript '    , 
 JavaScript      ,      
    
18
Easy2Siksha
4.     
     :       
 ,       ( ,   ) 
 '      ,     
  
  ,         '   
           ,     , 
     
5.   
  :           
         ,   
      ,      
 ,            
    
   ,       
,  ,         
   ,      ,  
     :
1.      
     -    ,  
   '       , - 
          
2.       
    -      
         , "  "
    -       
      
3.       
          '   

   
     
4.         
       ,     
            
 '          

19
Easy2Siksha
5.      '   
   - '           

            
               

6.  -      
 ,            
,            BrowserStack 
CrossBrowserTesting         
      
-
5.     ,               
                    

;      (FTP)
   (FTP)        
   
         FTP    
            ,     
     
FTP            ,  

   ,       ,  -  
          , FTP     
            (  HTML, CSS,  )

 ,          
FTP  
FTP  -       ,      
            ,      
           FTP       :
20
Easy2Siksha
1. FTP  :
o FTP   FTP       , 
,          
     FTP   FileZilla, Cyberduck,  WinSCP
 
2. FTP :
o FTP           FTP  
         ,  
     
3.   :
o   ,       , 
   FTP         (
   )      FTP ,
,       ,    
     
 
4.      :
o FTP         :     
 :         (
,       )    
  
 :           
    
5.   :
o FTP   '        :
        21
    20 (    FTP    '
  ,   
  )
FTP    
FTP         ,         
      :
21
Easy2Siksha
1.     :
o , FTP     (  '  IP     
 )     (  '     21)  
FTP             (,
     )
2.  :
o           ,  
   FTP  ,         
3.   :
o       ,       
    ,   ,  
,          
   
4.    :
o         (     
),         FTP    (
 ) '  ,      '   
5.    :
o        ,       
     FTP         
FTP   
                  
FTP         :
1.  FTP
 FTP FTP          :
  21 '           
     ( )   20 '   
  
 :
  .
       
22
Easy2Siksha
 :

        ,    '
      ,    
 
    (NAT)        

2.  FTP
 FTP ,           :
      ,       
  IP        
        '    
 :
 -
      
      NAT       
 :
 '       ,       
3. SSL (FTPS)  FTP
FTPS       FTP          
SSL/TLS         FTP    

 ,         
 :
      
 
  '  FTP     
 :
           - FTP
  
    SSL     
4. SFTP (SSH     )
SFTP            ' FTP    

 SSH ( )  '   ,       
  
23
Easy2Siksha
 :
      
 
     
,       
 :
   CPU   
- FTP   
5.  FTP
   FTP           '
          ',     ""
       '      
 :
       .
    
 :
  (  '    )
    
, 
        
FTP      
   , FTP          

 :
1.   :FTP    '       , 
            
2.   : FTP          
    
3.     :FTP         , 

      

4.  -    :FTP -      , 
   
 
24
Easy2Siksha
 :
1.     (  FTP ):,    ,  
    , FTPS  SFTP      FTP 

 
2.     ( FTP ): FTP   
    ,       
3.   :  FTP     '   ,     SFTP
 -    ( ,  , )
            
4.   : FTP        ,   
      

FTP             
,   '        ,     
   , FTPS  SFTP         
      , ,  ,     
    '        , SFTP 
-            
        , FTP      .
6.              
                    
      '  
;         
  ,  , -,     
           
,                
      ,     ,       
   
25
Easy2Siksha
1.    ?
           
   
              , 
            
  
, ,      
 ,  
   , ,
      
  , ,           '  
     '         
        
    
       : ,   ,     
             
 
 
 -   :  ,        ,
           (UI)   
    
   
?
   : ,      
       
   
:     '   , 
        
 
   :
   ,     
   
    :   
 
   '       ,   
 
     
2.    ?
    
         
              
            ,    
      -  '  ,  

,    
26
Easy2Siksha
                
    ' , , ,      , 
      
 
    
     :          
              
-    :      .    ,
,           
        .
   
?
       :        
               

      :        
            
   
:          
        
3.       
  
        ,     
     :
 1:   
       ,     
          ,     
        
 2:    
   :           ' 
              
 ,        
   : , , ,      
      ',         -  ' 

27
Easy2Siksha
    :           
               
     
 3:    
    :        ,   
       ,   '
 ,              
   
     :       - ,
, ,      
     :  '      
        ,  , 
                

4.       
       ,       
   
  
  :           

          
:          
       -   
  
Adobe XD: , ,     UI    
 -         
  '   
  
 :  -         
           '   ,
   -        


:      
             

28
Easy2Siksha
Axure RP:-         
       ,     
 
 
5.         
    ,      
            :
 -  :      '    
             
  '         
  
   :   '      , 
 ,         
           -   '
 
   :      ,   
               '
                 
 '  :       
              
             

6. 
            
         ,    
       
  , , ,
      ,  , -  
         
 ,          

               
          ,      
  
 
29
Easy2Siksha
-
7.  HTML           HTML    
 
HTML             HTML     
  
:HTML (  )        ' 
        
  '  ,    HTML
                
     ,  HTML       HTML 
 
     
 HTML     
 HTML                
               
       HTML   -     
       
  HTML        :
         :
1. <!DOCTYPE html>: 
  HTML     <!DOCTYPE html>      
 HTML          , 
HTML5    
,   HTML        
   
  
            
30
Easy2Siksha
:  HTML5    
:   
    -       
 
2. <html>:  
<!DOCTYPE>   ,   <html>  ,   HTML     
    <html>       HTML    
:  HTML   
:       
3. <head>:   
<head>            ,    '
  
       ,   ,    
     
:     
: , CSS   ,        

<head>    :
<title>:           
o : <title>  </title>
o :             
<meta charset="UTF-8">:      ,  

    ,        
<link>:    CSS (  )   
  CSS HTML        (, ,  )
4. <body>:  
<body>            
  (, ,
, ) '     '   
 ,  <body>      
:      
:  ' , ,       
 <body>           :
31
Easy2Siksha
<h1>:        (1-6)    
 ,   <h1>     <h6>    
o  :<h1>      </h1>
o :  ,   
 
<p>:      
o : <p>   '     </p>
o :    
 
5.   
HTML ,       .         ,
    (/)           
 :
 :<html>
  :</html>
    <html>, <head>,  <body> -    

 HTML     HTML 
 HTML             :
1. <!DOCTYPE html>:      HTML5 
2. <html>:       HTML    
3. <head>:   -  ,      
4. <title>:           
5. <body>:  '      
   ,   
          
  
HTML 
HTML           HTML     
 :
1.   (<ol>)
2.     (<ul>)
32
Easy2Siksha
3.    (<dl>)
1.   (<ol>)
                
      '     <ol>      
     ,     <li> ( )   
    
:
 :
1.  
2.  
3.  
   :       '        
       ,   --   
2.     (<ul>)
 -           
  
     '        <ul>    
     ,    <li>       

33
Easy2Siksha
:
 :
o  
o  
o  
   :            
 
,      
3.    (<dl>)
           ,    
   <dt> ( )    ,     <dd> (
)    
:
34
Easy2Siksha
 :
o HTML:   
o CSS:   
   :          
     
 

                  -
      
 :
:
o 



o 
o 
35
Easy2Siksha
HTML    

               
    :
:    ( , , ,   )   
   
o  : I.  II.  
 :         

 ,  HTML              
             HTML   
  <!DOCTYPE html>, <html>, <head>,  <body>      
              
 
HTML        ,  ,    
             
       ,         
  
,         
36
Easy2Siksha
              
   -  
8. divs  spans  HTML           
                    
      
:     HTML          

  ,           
     
  '  ,        
'  
  
            
     HTML (  )    <div> 
<span>             
     
 
<div>  <span>   HTML        '  , 
           , ,    
, ,           

HTML   ?
<div>  <span>     ,     HTML    HTML
           ( <h1>, <p>, ) 
  ,              
 ,   <header>,      ,   ,   <img>, 
    
<div>  <span>   
<div>:  - 
<div> (""  )  -       
    -         
   
,          '      
     ,   , , ,  
<span>:   
 , <span>            
37
Easy2Siksha
   ,             <span> 
              
      
        

<div>  <span>              
 :
1.    :        

            , <div>
            , ,  
     
        
        ,    
    (      )
2.    - : <div>  <span>      
        
    
     '    ,     
            
    '      ,     '  
       '   
3.      : CSS (  )   <div>  <span>
              
       HTML       ,  
  CSS         
        
 
4.    :    , -   ( ,
, ,  ) '        <div>  
     ,     
 CSS       
      '
    ,        -
             
 
5.  : HTML          
     
   ,  
(        )    HTML 
       <div>  <span>   
             
        
38
Easy2Siksha
      <div>  <span>    
 HTML      ,      
               <div> 
<span>        
1. <div>     
<div>              ,
 
 ,  ,          ,  
     <div>     
HTML
<div class="header">
<h1>  </h1>
</div>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#"></a></li>
<li><a href="#"> </a></li>
<li><a href="#"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="main-content">
<h2> </h2>
<p>     </p>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>© 2024    </p>
</div>
39
Easy2Siksha
  , <div>     (, ,  , ) 
         CSS      ' 
   
2. <span>        
  <div>        , <span>      ,
            
, 
           <span>   
 
HTML
<p>     <span class="highlight">    </span>  </p>
  ,     , ""  CSS   
    
CSS
.   {
-:  ;
-: ;
}
         
       
         
3. CSS  JavaScript   <div>  <span>   
CSS  JavaScript     <div>  <span>       
CSS (    ) <div>  <span>    
    , 
 <div>    ,  , 
   CSS      <span> , CSS    
 '     
JavaScript<div>  <span>         
    , JavaScript         
40
Easy2Siksha
           ,    
      <div>     
<div>  <span>      
1. <div>  <span>      :   <div>  <span>  ,
              
HTML5  <header>, <footer>,  <article>     ,   
         <div>   '  
 
2.            : <div>  <span>
        (class="header")  ID 
(id="main-content")         ' CSS  JavaScript 
  
 
3.    :         
,   HTML          

             
    

 , <div>  <span>  HTML         
  , -,  -    
      ,    ,    ,
           <div>    
   , <span>        
       , CSS  JavaScript  , 
   
  '            , - 
    
:       Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         